0 Solar Powered Animal Scarer

Here is a solar powered Flasher to scare away the nocturnal animals like bats and cats from the farm yard or premises of the house. The brilliant multicolored flashes confuse these animals and they avoid the hostile situation. It is fully automatic, turns on in the evening and turns off in the morning.

The circuit has an LDR controlled oscillator built around the Binary counter IC CD 4060.The functioning of the IC is controlled through its reset pin 12. During day time, LDR conducts and keeps the reset pin of IC high so that it remains dormant. During night, LDR cease to conduct and the reset pin will be grounded through VR1. This triggers the IC and it stats oscillating using the components C1 and VR2. Output pins 7, 5 and 4 are used to power the LEDs strings.

VR1 adjusts the sensitivity of LDR and VR2, the flashing rate of LEDs. High bright Red, Blue and White LEDs are used in the circuit to give brilliant flashes. Red LEDs flash very fast, followed by blue and then White. White LEDs remains on for few seconds and provide light to a confined area. More LEDs can be added in the strings if desired. The circuit can also function with 12 volt DC.

Animal Repellent Circuit Diagram

The circuit uses a solar powered battery power supply. During daytime, battery charges through R1 and D1.Green LED indicates the charging mode. During night time current from the solar cell decreases and D1 reverse biases. At the same time D2 forward biases to provide power to the circuit. Resistor R1 restricts the charging current and the high value capacitor C1 is a buffer for current.

Animal Scarer Solar Power Supply

Detail: Solar Powered Animal Scarer

0 Solar Lamp using the PR4403

The PR4403 is an enhanced cousin of the PR4402 40 mA LED driver. It has an extra input called LS which can be taken low to  turn the LED on. This makes it very easy  to build an automatic LED lamp using a  rechargeable battery and a solar module. The LS input is connected directly to the solar cell, which allows the module to be  used as a light sensor at the same time as  it charges the battery via a diode. When  darkness falls so does the voltage across  the solar module: when it is below a thresh-old value the PR4403 switches on. During  the day the battery is charged and, with  the LED off, the driver only draws 100 µA.
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Solar Lamp using the PR4403  Circuit Diagram :

Solar Lamp using the PR4403 Circuit Diagram

At night the energy stored in the battery is released into the LED. In contrast to similar designs, here we can make do with a single  1.2 V cell. The PR4403 is available in an SO-8 pack-age with a lead pitch of 1.27 mm. The  other components are a 1N4148 diode (or a Schottky 1N5819) and a 4.7 µH choke. Pin 2 is the LS enable input, connected directly to the solar module. According to the datasheet, it is possible to connect a series resistor at this point (typ. 1.2 M) to increase the effective threshold voltage. The LED will then turn on slightly earlier in the evening before it is not completely  dark. Pins 3 and 6 of the device must be connected together and together form the output of the circuit.

Detail: Solar Lamp using the PR4403

0 Solar Charger Circuit Diagram

Simple Solar charger circuit to take advantage of sunlight shining on the earth can continue to be utilized to serve as a power source so that we can at least save on electricity prices continuing to rise, below is one of a series of simple power plant can be created and used to fill your motorcycle battery or for emergency lights.

The circuit scheme of Solar Power Generation

Sunlight is received by the solar panels are then processed into electricity, but electricity generated from each panel is still too small where the 8 Cell Panel arranged in series only mrnghasilkan voltage of approximately 4 volts with a current 200 mA.

nah therefore required an electronic circuit to increase the voltage and current enough to be used as a Battery Charger.

Electronic Rainmaking act as a series of DC to DC Inverter (DC to DC Inverter), which was built by two pieces of Capacitor, Resistor 1, a transistor, a diode, and a coil which is the point of the creation of this series.

The circuit was built with a single oscillator system (blocking oscillator) which was built by the transistor and a coil in which the primary winding totaling 45 turns and 15 turns in the secondary as feedback to provide the voltage at the base of the transistor output of the primary winding connected to the diode and used to The battery charging.

When the circuit is coupled with the Emergency Neon Lights will certainly get enough voltage to light at night for free. because its batteries during the day in charge by the sun.

The success of this experiment is a way of making a coil which is the same way with the topic of emergency fluorescent lights

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List of Components

• 8 cell 0.5v 200 mA solar panel (sold in many electronics stores) or make use of solar panels used a calculator that is damaged / not used anymore you dismantle it and take solarcell
• Capacitor 100 UF
• Capacitor 10 UF
• Transistor TIP 31 or similar
• Resistor 1 K
• Diode BY 207 (Diada 5 Ampere) or similar
• Accu Motor.
• Approximately 3 meters of 0.25 mm diameter wire email.>
• Ferite rods are frequently used in radio-AM radio.

Detail: Solar Charger Circuit Diagram

0 How to Convert SMPS into a Solar Charger Circuit Diagram

The post explains a novel way of using an ordinary SMPS unit for charging a battery via a solar panel. The method will result in an extremely efficient and fast solar charging of the connected battery.


SMPSs have become very common nowadays and we find them being used in the form of of low voltage DC units wherever needed. The best example is our cell phone chargers which are actually compact SMPS 5V chargers.

Solar charger devices are also becoming popular nowadays and folks are constantly in look out for options in the form of solar chargers having the most efficient charging response.

Solar panels or PV devices are normally utilized for charging lead acid batteries which tends to take relatively long hour for getting fully charged, and especially when the sunlight conditions are bad things start getting even more sluggish.

For tackling the above condition or rather for enabling quicker charging from solar panels, special MPPT based soar chargers have been developed which effectively monitor the solar panel maximum power point levels and generate the most efficient charging conditions for the connected battery.

In this article although we won't be discussing an ideal MPPT, yet the discussed method will give you an opportunity to acquire the most efficient way of charging your battery through a solar panel.

As proposed in one of my previous articles, a switch mode based power supply (SMPS) is probably the best option for making it work as a solar charger circuit, so here we will learn how to make an smps based solar charger circuit at home.

Making an SMPS can be  quite complex and might require considerable amount of time and knowledge for the implementations so here rather we will focus on how to convert a ready made smps into an effective solar charger circuit quickly.

For this you will require the following materials, assuming the battery to be charged is 12V rated:

A ready made  120V or 220V to 12V SMPS unit having current rating equal to 1/5th of the battery AH which is to be charged.

A few Solar Panels whose total open circuit voltage equals around 100V.

Connecting wires.

How to Proceed.

As we all know a normal  mains  SMPS may be rated with minimum of 85V to 100V input in order to provide the required output DC, let's assume it to be 12V, meaning for acquiring 12V it must be supplied with a minimum of 100V at the input.

Keeping the above issue in mine we must select a solar panel which is able to produce approximately 100V for making the procured SMPS work.

Since PV panels with such high voltage might not be available, we may opt for many low voltage solar panel connected in series for generating the above voltage.

For instance you can go for 3nos. of 30V solar panels and connect them in series to get 90V from it, which might just do the job.

The above input supplied to the procured SMPS would generate the required 12V which may be directly attached to the battery for charging it efficiently.

However a 12V supply might not charge a 12V battery we need at least 14V for it, so that's not a big issue, the required voltage can be easily tweaked and set by adjusting the output voltage of the SMPS manually.

That's it, you have just now converted a ready made SMPS unit into an efficient solar charger circuit that might generate results equivalent to MPPT charger circuits for you.

Detail: How to Convert SMPS into a Solar Charger Circuit Diagram

0 Build a MPPT Solar Charger Circuit Diagram

Here we try to understand the actual circuit concept of MPPT type of solar charger controllers and learn how do these devices work.


MPPT stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking, a charger concept specifically intended and designed for acquiring highly efficient solar power harnessing.

Solar panels are excellent devices since they allow us to harness free electrical energy from sun, however the present devices are not very efficient with their outputs. As we all know output from solar panel directly depends the incident rays of the sun, as long as its near perpendicular on  it offers good efficiency, which keeps on deteriorating with slanting rays or dipping sun position.

The above also gets affected with overcast conditions.

Moreover a solar panel output is associated with inconsistent voltage levels which needs proper regulation in order to operate the load which is normally a lead acid battery.

Lead acid batteries or any kind of chargeable battery will require a properly rated input so that it doesn't get damaged and it gets charged optimally. For this we normally involve a charger controller in between the solar panel and the battery.

As a solar panel voltage is never constant and drops with dropping sun light, the current from the solar panel also gets weaker as the sun light intensity gets weaker.

With the above conditions if the solar panel undergoes any kind of loading directly, it's current would further go down producing inefficient outputs.

In other words the efficiency of a panel is maximum when its voltage is near the rated specified value. Therefore, as an example a 18V solar panel will operate with maximum efficiency when it's operated at 18V.

And in case the sun light gets weaker and the above voltage drops to say 16V, yet still we could operate it with maximum efficiency if we could keep the 16V volts intact and derive the output without affecting or dropping this voltage.

The below given graph suggests why and how a solar panel produces maximum efficiency when it's allowed to operate at it's maximum circumstantial voltage output.

 Ordinary solar charger controllers only regulate the solar panel voltage and make it appropriate for charging the connected battery, however these do not carry out the panel regulation correctly.

Conventional charger regulator which employ linear ICs for the regulations are unable to keep the solar panel from getting loaded directly by the connected battery or the inverter or whatsoever may be connected as the load.

The above situation tends to drop the solar panel voltage accordingly making its usage inefficient because now the panel is restricted from producing the rated amount of current to the load.

So why does these linear or PWM regulator chargers are unable to avoid loading of the solar panel despite being extremely advanced, accurate and correct with their operations? How do actual MPPT chargers work?

The answer to the above issues is nowhere addressed comprehensively on the net, therefore I thought it necessary to provide with an in-depth explanation regarding the difference between ordinary charger controllers and actual MPPT.

Coming back to the above question, the answer lies in the fact that linear regulator chargers DO NOT isolate the solar panel from load completely.

It's true that these devices incorporate algorithmic circuits which compare the PV voltage with the load voltage and adjusts them such that the panel can operate at the maximum available voltage, however this cannot be possible unless the panel is safeguarded from getting loaded by the load.

Keeping the load connected with the panel in someway would mean directly affecting the panel voltage.

So basically MPPTs were developed for enabling comprehensive isolation of the solar panel from the connected load.

However this couldn't have been possible without the involvement of SMPS technology. It's the SMPS technology that has provided with an extremely efficient option of configuring power regulation and supplying devices.

In MPPT charger controllers, the solar panel voltage is first converted into a high frequency equivalent pulsating voltage.

This voltage is applied into the primary of a well dimensioned compact ferrite transformer, which generates the required level of current at its secondary winding, matching the specified charging rate of the battery.

The voltage however may not be matching the battery charging voltage, therefore here an ordinary linear regulator is incorporated for fixing the voltage level correctly.

With the above set up the battery stays completely isolated from the solar panel, and gets efficiently charged even under bad weather conditions, since now the solar panel is allowed to operate without affecting or dropping its available instantaneous voltage under any given condition.

This helps to implement the intended maximum power point tracking effect, which is nothing but allowing the panel to operate under minimal loading yet making sure that the connected load gets the complete power required for its optimal performance.

It would be interesting to know how an SMPS prevents the panel or any source from getting loaded directly by the load.

The secret lies behind the use of the ferrite technology. Ferrite transformers are extremely efficient magnetic devices which saturate effectively to generate an efficient conversion from input to output.

Take the example of an ordinary 2 amp iron core transformer power supply and a 2amp SMPS.   If you load the two counterparts with full current that is with 2amps, you will find the iron core voltage dropping substantially whereas the SMPS voltage dropping only marginally or rather negligibly....so this is the secret behind the effectiveness of an SMPS based MPPT compared to a linear IC based MPPT charger controller.

Detail: Build a MPPT Solar Charger Circuit Diagram